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Get a job or volunteer in a hospital setting that has a heart program, suggests Roshi Etemad-Moghadam. "Once in the hospital, you can find out more about perfusionists, their schedules, responsibilities, and more about the profession in general," says the Baltimore perfusionist.

"Schools are looking for highly motivated individuals who have demonstrated an ability to work well with others, have good problem-solving and critical-thinking skills and are challenged in high-stress environments to provide the best for the patient."

There are about 25 accredited perfusion programs in the United States graduating a total of 150 to 200 students per year. Some are degree programs and others grant a certificate.

Perfusionist Paul Arsenault says students interested in the occupation should focus on the sciences in school. They need to develop an understanding of physics and the anatomy and physiology of the heart and lungs. He points out that one of the requirements for entrance to most training programs is calculus.